how hydraulic pump works in excavator | Kyotechs Guide

How a Hydraulic Pump Works in an Excavator

Understanding how a hydraulic pump functions is crucial for excavator maintenance and operation. This article explains the process, addressing common pain points like troubleshooting pressure issues and identifying pump failures. We'll explore the vital role of the hydraulic pump within the excavator's system.

The Heart of the Hydraulic System

The hydraulic pump is the powerhouse of an excavator. It's responsible for drawing hydraulic fluid from a reservoir and forcing it under high pressure throughout the system. This pressurized fluid then powers the excavator's movements, including the swing, boom, stick, and bucket. Without a functioning hydraulic pump, the excavator is essentially immobile.

Types of Hydraulic Pumps in Excavators

Several types of hydraulic pumps are used in excavators, each with its own advantages and disadvantages:

* Gear Pumps: Simple and relatively inexpensive, gear pumps are suitable for lower-pressure applications.

* Vane Pumps: Offering higher pressure capabilities than gear pumps, vane pumps are commonly found in excavators.

* Piston Pumps: These pumps provide the highest pressure and flow rates, making them ideal for heavy-duty excavators. They can be axial piston or radial piston types.

The Hydraulic Pump's Operational Cycle

The pump draws hydraulic fluid from the reservoir. As it rotates, the pump's components (gears, vanes, or pistons) displace the fluid, increasing its pressure. This pressurized fluid is then directed to various hydraulic actuators (cylinders) throughout the excavator. Control valves regulate the flow of this fluid, enabling precise control of the excavator's movements.

Common Hydraulic Pump Problems and Troubleshooting

Several factors can lead to hydraulic pump issues, including:

* Low fluid level: Regularly check and maintain the correct fluid level in the reservoir.

* Contaminated fluid: Regular filtration is essential to prevent damage to the pump's internal components.

* Worn components: Regular inspections and preventative maintenance are key to extending the lifespan of the pump.

* Leaks: Identify and repair any leaks in the hydraulic system promptly.

Addressing these issues proactively prevents costly repairs and downtime. Regular servicing, including fluid changes and inspections, is vital for optimal hydraulic pump performance.