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After the machine has cooled down, locate the filters that need to be replaced (such as oil, fuel, and air filters). Use tools to remove the old filters, clean the installation area, install the new filters, and ensure they are sealed properly.

Reasons from the piston group
1. The piston ring gap is too small. If the opening gap, side gap or back gap of the piston ring is too small, the piston ring will be stuck due to heat expansion when the engine is working, and it will be pressed tightly against the cylinder wall, or the piston ring will be broken, which can easily pull out grooves on the cylinder wall.
2. The piston pin is out. Because the piston pin retaining ring is not installed or falls off or breaks, the piston pin will be out during movement, which can easily damage the inner wall of the cylinder and cause the cylinder to blow into the crankcase.
3. The piston cylinder gap is too small or too large. If the piston material is poor, the manufacturing size error is too large, or the piston is deformed after the piston pin is assembled, the matching gap between the piston and the cylinder is too small, and the piston is stuck after heat expansion, which will then damage the cylinder wall.
4. The piston ring is seriously carbonized. Excessive carbon deposits cause the piston ring to stick or bite in the ring groove. At the same time, carbon deposits are a hard abrasive that will grind into longitudinal grooves on the cylinder wall.
5. The piston is seriously off-cylinder. Due to the bending and twisting of the connecting rod, the parallelism and coaxiality deviations of the connecting rod journal, main journal, and piston pin seat are too large, causing the piston to be significantly off-cylinder, which will accelerate the wear of the piston ring, piston and cylinder wall and destroy the formation of the oil film.

Reasons for cylinder sleeves
1. The roundness and cylindricality tolerances of the cylinder sleeves exceed the allowable range, which greatly reduces the sealing of the piston and cylinder sleeves. The high-temperature gas in the cylinder flows down, destroying the oil film between the piston and the cylinder wall, and then causing cylinder pulling.
2. The cylinder sleeve is deformed during the assembly process. For example: the protrusion of the upper end surface of the cylinder sleeve is too large, and the cylinder sleeve is deformed after the cylinder head is installed; the cylinder sleeve water blocking ring is too thick, and the cylinder sleeve is deformed after being pressed into the body, which can easily cause cylinder pulling.

Reasons for use:
1. Whether the size of the cylinder sleeve used during assembly does not match the cylinder body and piston.
2. The air filter is not sealed, which makes the filtering effect worse. Dust, sand and other impurities in the air are sucked into the cylinder, forming abrasive wear. Tests show that if a few grams of dust are sucked in every day, the wear of the cylinder liner will increase by more than 10 times.

Digging powerlessness can be divided into two situations: one is digging powerlessness, the engine does not hold back, and the load feels very light; the second is digging powerlessness, when the boom or dipper stick is extended to the bottom, the engine is seriously held back or even stalled.

①, digging powerlessness but the engine does not hold back. The magnitude of the digging force is determined by the output pressure of the main pump, and whether the engine holds back depends on the relationship between the oil pump absorption torque and the engine output torque. The engine does not hold back, indicating that the oil pump absorption torque is small and the engine load is light. If the working speed of the excavator is not obviously abnormal, the maximum output pressure of the main pump, that is, the system overflow pressure, should be checked in particular. If the overflow pressure measurement value is lower than the specified value, it indicates that the overload overflow valve setting value of the hydraulic circuit of the mechanism is incorrect, resulting in premature overflow of the mechanism and powerlessness. The machine can be adjusted by turning the adjustment screw.

②, digging powerlessness, engine holding back. The engine holding back indicates that the absorption torque of the oil pump is greater than the engine output torque, causing the engine to overload. This fault should first check whether the engine speed sensing system is normal, and the inspection method is similar to the engine inspection method described above. After the above detailed inspection and troubleshooting, the engine speed sensing system will resume normal function, the engine stalling phenomenon will disappear, and the digging force will return to normal.

First, park the excavator on a flat, safe surface, shut off the engine, and release the system pressure. Then, open the drain plug on the hydraulic tank to drain the old oil. Replace the filters, refill with new hydraulic oil, start the engine, run the system to expel air, and check the oil level.

Symptoms of wear include reduced efficiency, increased noise, leakage, and reduced hydraulic function.